NYU Abu Dhabi Researchers Discover Bacteria That Enhance Coral Heat Resistance

Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have made a significant breakthrough in coral conservation by discovering that specific bacteria can enhance coral’s heat resistance through the production of steroid hormones. This finding is particularly relevant as coral reefs face increasing threats from rising sea temperatures, especially in the Arabian Gulf, one of the hottest marine environments globally.

Breakthrough in Coral Conservation

The study, conducted over six years at the NYU Abu Dhabi Marine Microbiomics Lab, focused on the microorganisms found in coral samples from the Arabian Gulf. The researchers identified a group of marine bacteria called Endozoicomonas, which produce higher levels of testosterone and progesterone in warmer waters. These hormones are believed to strengthen the immune systems of corals, making them more resilient to heat stress.

The lead author of the study, Amin Mohamed, explained that the concept of “coral probiotics” could be developed, similar to how humans use probiotics for gut health. This innovative approach could provide corals with essential support during periods of environmental stress.

Key facts

• Researchers studied coral samples from the Arabian Gulf, known for its extreme heat.
• The Endozoicomonas bacteria were found to produce increased levels of testosterone and progesterone in warmer waters.
• These steroid hormones can enhance the corals’ immune response to heat-related stress.
• More than 80% of the world’s coral reefs have experienced bleaching-level heat recently.
• Coral reefs, while covering only 1% of the ocean, are home to 25% of marine life.

Implications for Coral Health

This research highlights the potential of microbial therapy as a new avenue for coral conservation. By harnessing the beneficial properties of Endozoicomonas, conservationists could develop methods to bolster coral health in the face of climate change. The study suggests that understanding the role of these bacteria is crucial, as they have been integral to coral survival throughout their life cycles.

The findings also indicate that while researchers have not yet identified the optimal balance of steroid hormone production, the presence of these hormones offers a promising alternative to traditional coral conservation methods. The approach could lead to culturing beneficial bacteria in coral reefs worldwide, potentially improving the resilience of these vital ecosystems.

What happens next

• Further research will be conducted to determine the optimal conditions for steroid hormone production by Endozoicomonas.
• Potential development of coral probiotics to support coral health during environmental stress.
• Exploration of culturing beneficial bacteria in coral reefs globally.

This groundbreaking research opens new possibilities for protecting coral reefs, which are essential to marine biodiversity and the health of ocean ecosystems.